SNP) DYS199 is found in all 5 Native American populations and Asian populations (native Siberian populations, Siberian Eskimos, and Asian Chukchi), but not in African, Australoid, or Caucasian populations." />

Y-Chromosome Studies

  • SNP in DYS199 locus present in all 5 Native American populations and in Siberian Chukchi populations

  • Examination of more than 2,500 Y-chromosomes of wide geographic origin indicated this polymorphism is found only in Native American and Asian populations (not found in African, Australoid, or Caucasian European populations)

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The Y-chromosome is found only in males (the normal male has one X- and one Y-chromosome). Therefore Y-chromosomes are transferred from father to son, without recombination. Any mutation introduced into the Y-chromosome will be transferred to descendant males.

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DYS199 in the Y-chromosome is found in all 5 Native American populations and Asian populations (native Siberian populations, Siberian Eskimos, and Asian Chukchi), but not in African, Australoid, or Caucasian populations.1 These studies show that all Native American populations are related to Asian populations.


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  1. Lell JT, Brown MD, Schurr TG, Sukernik RI, Starikovskaya YB, Torroni A, Moore LG, Troup GM, Wallace DC. 1997. Y chromosome polymorphisms in Native American and Siberian populations: identification of Native American Y chromosome haplotypes. Hum Genet 100:536-543 100:536-543.